The drug that is usually abused is heroin. It is a very addictive drug derived from morphine, obtained from the opium poppy. It acts on the person rapidly, as fast as 3 to 6 seconds. It is a depressant drug. It affects the brain’s pleasure systems and interferes with the brain’s ability to perceive pain. With heroin, pain receptors of the brain are blocked, thus, the person is less likely to feel pain once he/she takes in the drug.
Originally, heroin was promoted as a non-addictive drug. In fact, the name heroin means “heroic treatment” taken from the German word heroisch. From 1898 to 1910, it was marketed as a non-addictive morphine alternative and cough medicine for children. However, in 1924, the United States’ “Heroin Act” made it illegal to possess or manufacture heroin in the country.
Nowadays, heroin is normally sold as a white powder or as the black sticky substance known as the “black tar heroin”.
Heroin is usually snorted. A heroin addict usually injects himself four times a day. Intravenous injection provides the supreme intensity and most quick set of euphoria. After about 7 to 8 seconds following the injecting, the person would then feel the rush. Intramuscular shot produces as slower onset of euphoria. Injection continues to be the predominant method of heroin use among addicted users seeking treatment; however, researchers have seen a shift in heroin use patterns, from injection to sniffing and smoking. In fact, sniffing heroin is now the most widely reported means of taking heroin among users admitted for drug treatment.
In the brain, heroin is converted to morphine and binds rapidly to opioid receptors. The addict would feel a enjoyable feeling. The intensity of the rush would depend on the dosage of the drug. The rush is usually accompanied by a warm flushing of the skin, dry mouth, and the heavy feeling in the extremities, which may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and severe itching. After the preliminary effects, abusers usually will be sleepy for several hours. Mental function is clouded by heroin’s effect on the central nervous system. Cardiac function slows. Breathing is also severely slowed, sometimes to the point of death. Heroin overdose is a particular risk on the street, where the amount and purity of the drug cannot be accurately known.
Heroin’s long-term effect is another story. Chronic users may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, cellulites, and liver disease. Moreover, the most dangerous long-term effects of heroin is dependence to the substance itself. Heroin abuser eventually becomes too dependent on the drug that he/she spends most of his/her time and energy obtaining and using the drug. When addiction sets in, the individual’s primary goal will be to look for and use the substance. Furthermore, with continuous use, this could cause death to the addict.
Heroin addiction is not free from withdrawal symptoms, once the use is stopped. The withdrawal syndrome from heroin can start within 12 hours of stoppage of the sustained use of the drug: sweating, malaise, anxiety, depression, persistent and intense penile erection in males, general feeling of heaviness, cramp-like pains in the limbs, yawning and lachrymation, sleep difficulties, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, cramps and fever occur. There is also a considerable risk of tonic-clonic, which can lead to stroke possibly resulting in permanent disability including blindness or paralysis, or heart attacks which can potentially be fatal.
Heroin can be greatly fatal among users most especially among those with poor health. It also serves as a teratogen among pregnant users. Among pregnant addicts, not only does the drug affect the user, but it greatly affects the baby.
Heroin addiction is one of the most dangerous substance-abuse problems among all other. With this drug, the person becomes greatly dependent on the drug that it becomes their main purpose of living. Therefore, there is no easy treatment. It requires double time, double effort and double will power to be cured.
